Showing posts with label Innovation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Innovation. Show all posts

Saturday, December 7, 2013

为什么苹果没有在日本出现?

日本的电子、材料、机械制造工业水平很高。我相信苹果ipod、ipad、iphone在日本制造应该没有技术上的问题。但是问什么日本没有开发出这样的颠覆性创新产品。从最近和日本一家著名化学材料公司的合作中,了解了一些日本的产品研发情况,谈谈自己的一些看法。

日本人性格上比较遵守规矩,做事情认真细致,强调团队精神。这是日本人从小就受到的教育。这样会限制了一些个性的发挥,导致缺少颠覆性创新能力。Peter Drucker在90年代指出日本公司喜欢创造性的模仿,满足于把产品作的更好而不是彻底的创新。

日本公司的终身雇佣制、年功序列工资制度对员工的创新能力也有很大的影响。日本公司特别是大公司有点像以前的中国国企,员工基本上在一家公司工作到退休,按部就班地工作、升职。内部晋升是论资排辈,缺乏有效激励机制。跳槽对于日本公司员工不是个人发展的好选项。日本公司的年功序列制度也减少了跳槽的好处。员工跳槽到新公司,资历要从新算起,直接影响到奖金和以后的退休金,而且新公司对跳槽的员工也并不信任。这对稳定员工队伍、增强企业凝聚力、企业持续经营有好处。在日本公司里,拥有突出个人才能,不听上司话的年轻员工会被视为异端。这些因素都在一定程度上削弱了员工的创新能力。

我认为日本公司技术至上的工程师文化,以技术为中心的创新(或者说是创造性的模仿), 而不是以客户为中心的产品开发是其缺少颠覆性创新产品的最重要原因。过于强调技术在产品开发中的重要性,一味准求制造超高质量的产品往往会弱化对市场和客户需求的真正了解。日本公司在技术上不可谓不强,尽管突破性的技术创新不如美国。日本公司将技术研发视为核心,以销售数量而不是市场和客户为导向,过于重视业绩,削弱了其创新能力。我认为:满足和引导客户(包括现有的和新的客户)的现有或未知需求, 为客户创造价值是产品研发和创新的最终目的。技术是实现这个目的的方法和手段之一,有时甚至不是关键的。真正以市场驱动、客户为中心的产品开发是产品在市场成功的前提。客户为中心包括满足现有客户的新需求,甚至客户未知的需求和开发新的客户。开发新客户和满足现有客户的未知需求(有时要主动告诉消费者,他们需要什么) 往往是颠覆性创新的最重要目的。

其他一些感想:
日本公司推行的全面质量管理、改善法、精益生产对于提高产品质量、技术进步、减少浪费、增强企业运营效益具有非常积极的意义。但是正如Michael Porter在他的经典文章"What is strategy"中所说,运营效益并不是企业战略。只提高运营效益不能让企业取得持续性的竞争优势。提高运营效益类似于正确的做事,确定企业战略定位类似于做正确的事,往往做正确的事比正确的做事更关键、更重要。日本企业过度追求运营效益的改善,而忽略战略创新和定位,如果这种情况没有改善,日本企业80年代的辉煌很难再现。

Saturday, February 9, 2013

Innovation- beyond Technology and Product Innovation

The medical device industry is a hotbed of innovation. In today's intense competitive and fast-changing markets, innovative products or services have paramount importance for organizations to obtain sustainable competitive advantage either in lower costs or differentiation or both.

R&D staff or manager with technology background is easy to think the technology is the first consideration in innovation. Science and technology is No 1 factor, which may work in the university but often fails in the industry.

According Peter F. Drucker's article "The Discipline of Innovation", innovation starts with a conscious, purposeful search and analysis of new opportunities. The sources of innovation opportunities can be from without a company or industry:
  • unexpected occurrences
  • incongruities between expectations and results
  • process needs
  • industry and market changes
Three additional sources are from outside of a company:
  • demographic changes
  • changes in perception
  • new knowledge
Product, process, market, organization, management, service, logistics, business mode, technology innovations can result from these opportunities. These sources will have different importance at different times, areas and firms such as the established and the start-up. New knowledge-whether science, technology or society - is just one in seven sources of innovation. Drucker emphasizes that knowledge-based innovations are superstars of entrepreneurship, demand many kinds of knowledge and long lead times, and is more market dependent than any other kind of innovation.

Product innovation can get idea from above opportunities. For example, aging (demographic changes) is a serious problem for society but it is an opportunity for medical device industry. I believe that the successful product innovation should be customer-oriented, i.e. meet current customers requirement (incremental and sustaining innovation) or create new customers and markets (great breakthrough or disruptive innovation). For medical device industry, customers may include patients, doctors and nurses.

Saturday, November 3, 2012

National Medal of Technology and Innovation

Innovation product development plays a major role for supporting companies to obtain sustainable competitive advantage.

National Medal of Technology and Innovation is a good resource for industrial R&D-related staffs to know the big names in technical innovations and further learn from their experience.